Socioeconomic factors associated with the incidence of childhood malaria in western Amazon

Abstract

Childhood malaria in the Western Amazon is a public health issue exacerbated by socioeconomic and environmental factors. Poverty, social exclusion, and inadequate infrastructure contribute to the proliferation of the disease vector, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations, particularly children under five. This age group experiences the highest mortality rates and severe complications, including cerebral malaria, anemia, and kidney failure. Furthermore, rapid urbanization, internal migration, and large-scale infrastructure projects, such as hydroelectric plants and highways, have intensified the disease's incidence. Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of socioeconomic and environmental factors on the incidence of childhood malaria in the Western Amazon, focusing on identifying key determinants contributing to children's vulnerability. It also seeks to understand how these conditions impact child health and propose effective intervention and control strategies to reduce malaria-related morbidity and mortality in the region. Method: The research method used in this study involved an exploratory bibliographic review with a qualitative approach, conducted from September to December 2024. Data collection relied on secondary sources available in digital databases, using platforms such as Google Scholar, SciELO, and PubMed. Results: The study found that childhood malaria in the Western Amazon is exacerbated by socioeconomic factors such as poverty and social exclusion, along with environmental conditions linked to intense economic activities. Children under five are the most vulnerable, highlighting the need for integrated interventions to prevent and control the disease. Conclusion: Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in the Western Amazon, particularly among children. Socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in the disease's incidence, with poverty, social exclusion, and precarious living conditions being direct determinants of the vector's proliferation and children's exposure to severe malaria forms.