Cervical cancer screening in Brazil: challenges of cytology and transition to DNA-HPV testing
Cervical cancer screening in Brazil: challenges of cytology and transition to DNA-HPV testing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51473/rcmos.v1i2.2025.1605Keywords:
Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests. HPV Infections. Cervix Uteri. Cell Tracking. Brazil.Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer remains a major public health issue in Brazil, with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Screening has traditionally been based on cytological tests; however, this strategy has limitations, such as low sensitivity and challenges in early detection. The introduction of the molecular HPV-DNA test represents a significant advancement in the screening program, enhancing the effectiveness of detecting high-risk infections and contributing to disease control. Objective: This study aims to analyze the performance of the Brazilian cervical cancer screening program, considering its limitations and the implementation of the HPV-DNA test as the primary screening method. Methodology: This is a narrative literature review based on secondary data from national sources (INCA, SISCAN, IBGE) and international sources (GLOBOCAN, WHO), covering the period from 2020 to 2025. Trends and operational challenges related to the transition to HPV-DNA testing were evaluated. Results: The implementation of the molecular HPV-DNA test within Brazil’s Unified Health System (SUS) is expected to significantly reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer by increasing the sensitivity of early detection, expanding access in rural and socioeconomically vulnerable regions, promoting greater efficiency in resource utilization, and strengthening equity and social participation in disease prevention. Conclusion: The transition from cytology-based screening to HPV-DNA testing represents a promising public health strategy, with the potential to enhance the program’s effectiveness, improve epidemiological indicators, and contribute to the elimination of cervical cancer in Brazil.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Mateus Henrique Dias Guimarães, Diógenes José Gusmão Coutinho (Autor)
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