Interoperability of electric vehicle charging: fault diagnosis and compliance
Interoperability of electric vehicle charging: fault diagnosis and compliance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51473/rcmos.v1i1.2023.1689Keywords:
interoperability; IEC 62196; IEC/ABNT NBR 61851; ISO 15118; OCPP; AC/DC charging; layered diagnostics.Abstract
Charging interoperability in electric vehicles hinges on multiple technical layers, from hardware contacts to networked software. This paper advances a four-layer conceptual framework—(i) physical connectors and contacts (IEC 62196, International Electrotechnical Commission), (ii) signaling and control for conductive charging systems (IEC/ABNT NBR 61851, Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas), (iii) high-level communication between vehicle and charger (ISO 15118, International Organization for Standardization, including Plug & Charge and certificate chains), and (iv) backend operations of the charge point (OCPP, Open Charge Point Protocol). Drawing on literature up to 2023, we develop a failure taxonomy per layer and a replicable diagnostic instrument (design-science) that combines physical inspection, CP/PP measurements (Control/Proximity Pilot), and structured analysis of AC/DC session logs and network events. We define KPIs—successful session rate, time-to-handshake, interruptions per 100 sessions, pin temperature, and OCPP event classes. Case studies demonstrate that similar symptoms stem from distinct mechanisms: thermal derating due to contact resistance (physical), inconsistent duty cycle (signaling), expired Plug & Charge certificates (communication), and remote policies (backend). Implications include conformance testing, the design of academic test benches, and standardized datasets for reproducibility. The paper contributes a unified normative model, a low-cost diagnostic pipeline, and a research agenda for AC/DC charging robustness.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Jonathan Monteiro Kreski (Autor)
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