Analysis of the Prevalence of Cervical Cancer in Brazil and the Impact of HPV Vaccination (2014-2024)

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer represents a significant public health problem in Brazil, being the third most common type of cancer among women. The main primary prevention strategy is vaccination against Human Papillomavirus (HPV), implemented in the National Immunization Program (PNI) in 2014. Objective: To analyze the prevalence and mortality of cervical cancer in Brazil over the last 10 years (2014–2024) and to assess the epidemiological impact of HPV vaccination. Methods: A statistical analysis was performed using data from DATASUS and the National Cancer Institute (INCA), in addition to a literature review on HPV vaccination. Results: The findings indicate a downward trend in mortality starting in 2017, three years after the introduction of vaccination. However, the correlation analysis did not demonstrate statistical significance between vaccination coverage and mortality reduction, possibly due to the complexity of the factors involved and the disease’s latency period. HPV vaccination coverage in Brazil remains below the 80% target recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), with considerable regional heterogeneity. Conclusions: It is concluded that, although there is a positive trend in reducing mortality, continuous efforts are needed to increase vaccination coverage and strengthen screening strategies so that Brazil can achieve the goals of eliminating cervical cancer. This article explores the introduction, methods, objectives, results, conclusion, and references of this detailed analysis.