Phytotherapy in neurology: the dual face of natural medicines – a review of the therapeutic potential and toxicological risks

Abstract

The use of phytotherapics and medicinal plants has become increasingly popular due to the perception that they offer safer and more affordable alternatives to conventional drugs. However, despite their benefits, the toxicity of these treatments, often underestimated, can pose significant health risks. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential and toxicological risks of phytotherapics and medicinal plants used in the treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and others. The research was conducted through an integrative literature review, selecting recent scientific studies that evaluate the benefits and adverse effects of these compounds. The main factors contributing to toxicity were analyzed, including inappropriate dosages, drug interactions, and the lack of professional guidance. Data were collected from reliable sources such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using the descriptors: toxicity, natural product, phytotherapy, nervous system, and adverse effects.  The results highlight the need for a broader understanding of the risks associated with the indiscriminate use of phytotherapics and medicinal plants, emphasizing the importance of a cautious, evidence-based approach supervised by healthcare professionals. Furthermore, the findings contribute to the development of more rigorous guidelines for the use of these natural compounds, promoting greater safety and efficacy in the treatment of nervous system disorders. The study also reinforces the importance of patient education and the establishment of practical guidelines for healthcare providers to ensure monitored use and appropriate intervention in cases of adverse reactions.