The role of the guarantee Judge in strengthening the adversarial system and preserving fundamental rights and guarantees
The role of the guarantee Judge in strengthening the adversarial system and preserving fundamental rights and guarantees
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51473/rcmos.v1i2.2025.1762Keywords:
Judge of Guarantees. Accusatorial System. Fundamental Rights. Judicial Impartiality. Criminal Procedure.Abstract
This article examines the role of the Judge of Guarantees in promoting the accusatorial system and enforcing fundamental rights and guarantees in the Brazilian legal system. It traces the evolution of criminal procedural models - inquisitorial, accusatorial, and mixed - confronting the historical tensions of Brazilian criminal justice, often marked by inquisitorial remnants and the worrying "cognitive contamination" of the judge. Law No. 13,964/2019, by establishing the Judge of Guarantees, aimed to establish a clear separation between the functions of investigation, prosecution, and judgment, thereby strengthening judicial impartiality and protection of the investigated. The article discusses the position of the Federal Supreme Court (STF) in the face of Direct Actions of Unconstitutionality (ADI’s) and the modulation of the effects of its decisions, which, although having declared the constitutionality of the institute, generated doctrinal debates about its application and possible mitigations to its originais logic. It is concluded that the Judge of Guarantees represents a significant advance towards the realization of a democratic and guarantee-based criminal process, although its full consolidation still depends on continuous interpretative and operational improvement.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Vicente de Carvalho Lima, Vinicius da Silva Serra (Autor)
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