Tactical periodization as a strategy for preventing muscle injuries in high-performance athletes: a systemic and integrated approach

Abstract

This scientific article analyzes the methodology of Tactical Periodization from the specific perspective of preventing musculoskeletal injuries in high-level professional soccer. The research problem questions whether the total integration of physical preparation into the Game Model, to the detriment of analytical and isolated physical training, is effective in reducing the incidence of soft tissue injuries (muscle and tendon) in congested calendars. The general objective is to demonstrate that the rigorous application of the Principle of Specificity and load management through the Principle of Propensity and Horizontal Alternation allow morphological, metabolic, and neural adaptations that protect the athlete from the demands of the game. The methodology is based on a critical and systematic literature review on training methodology, physiology, and sports medicine, limited to publications up to 2021. The results suggest that contextualized training, which respects the complex logic of the game, better prepares the musculoskeletal structure for the chaotic and unpredictable demands of competition. It is concluded that the Cartesian dissociation between physical and tactical training is a latent risk factor, and that the holistic and systemic approach is superior in maintaining athlete health and longevity.