Problem solving in the teaching of sets in the 10th grade: contributions of didactic engineering to the improvement of the approach in the Angolan contexto
Problem solving in the teaching of sets in the 10th grade: contributions of didactic engineering to the improvement of the approach in the Angolan contexto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51473/rcmos.v1i1.2026.2215Keywords:
Mathematics teaching, Teaching of sets, Didactic engineeringAbstract
This study seeks to understand how the teaching and learning of the topic sets is carried out in everyday school life in the 10th grade of the Physical and Biological Sciences course at Liceu No. 80M “Afonso Domingos VanDúnem Mbinda”, and to propose pathways for building a didactic engineering grounded in problem solving. The research interest arises from conversations with teachers and students and from the analysis of curriculum documents, which reveal persistent difficulties in understanding fundamental concepts of set theory and, above all, in applying them to problem situations. The study adopts a mixed approach, descriptive and exploratory in nature, combining theoretical methods (analysis–synthesis, historical–logical, modeling), empirical methods (document analysis, questionnaires for teachers and students) and statistical–mathematical procedures (percentage analysis and graphical representation) to characterize the current state of the teaching of sets and the role of problem solving in this process. The results show, on the one hand, that teachers almost unanimously acknowledge the formative importance of problem solving and consider the mathematics syllabus to be adequate; on the other hand, they indicate that students face significant difficulties in interpreting problem statements, identifying relevant data, devising strategies and checking solutions in tasks involving sets. Based on this analysis, a didactic sequence is outlined, inspired by French didactic engineering and by Polya’s stages of problem solving, structured in four phases: problem orientation, working with problems, solution, and evaluation of the solution. These phases are articulated with didactic functions such as ensuring the initial level, fostering motivation, guiding towards the objective and introducing new content. The study concludes that the systematic integration of problem solving, conceived as context, competence and art, can make the teaching of sets more meaningful, contextualized and coherent with the demands of a mathematics education that fosters students’ logical reasoning, critical thinking and intellectual autonomy. It is recommended that the proposed sequence be implemented and experimentally validated, and that continuous teacher education actions be developed, focused on the design, implementation and analysis of problem-solving situations in the teaching of sets.
Downloads
References
CARDOZO, D.; MENEGHELLI, J.; POSSAMAI, J. P. Concepções dos professores de matemática quanto a utilização de exercícios, situações contextualizadas e problemas. Amazônia: Revista de Educação em Ciências e Matemática, v. 14, n. 31, p. 73–87, 2018.
CATCHALA, D. P.; BERNADO, E. D.; DAMIÃO, J. M. Actividades didáticas para contribuir na resolução de problemas aplicados à sistemas de duas equações lineares com duas variáveis nos alunos da 9ª classe do colégio n.º 20M 1 de Junho no município de Moçâmedes. 2021.
CATIMBA, F. S.; TCHIMUKU, J. M.; TCHIYELA, R. M. Sistemas de atividades para contribuir na formação e desenvolvimento de habilidades na resolução de problemas sobre proporcionalidade inversa na 9ª classe no colégio n.º 48M 11 de Novembro no município de Moçâmedes. 2021.
CUMBO, O. M. Ensino baseado em resolução de problemas com recurso a folha de cálculo: uma proposta didática para abordagem ao tópico sucessões numéricas. UBI-Covilhã-Portugal, 2018.
LESH, R.; INGLES, L. Trends in evolution of models and modeling perspectives on mathematical learning and problem solving. In: CHICK, H.; VICENT, J. (ed.). Proceedings of the 29th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Melbourne: University of Melbourne, 2005. p. 192–196.
LIBÂNEO, J. C. Didática. São Paulo: Cortez, 1990.
LIMA, D. O. Alguns aspectos da metodologia de resolução de problema. 2022.
MANUEL, J. M. O raciocínio lógico matemático como recurso para melhorar a resolução de problemas que conduzem a potenciação na 8ª classe, no complexo escolar 62 M Rev. Eduardo Moreira Kuenye em Moçâmedes. 2024.
PEREIRA, F. D.; CORRÊA, M. C.; ZARDO, D. S. A utilização de resolução de problemas como estratégia pedagógica no ensino da matemática no ensino básico. 2016.
PÓLYA, G. Como resolver problema. Lisboa: Gradiva, 2003.
PRODANOV, C. C.; FREITAS, E. C. Metodologia de trabalho científico: métodos e técnicas da pesquisa e do trabalho académico. 2. ed. Novo Hamburgo: Feevale, 2013.
QUIMUANGA, Z. C. A.; JOSÉ, S.; DOMÍNGUEZ, R. C. O ensino da Estatística baseado na resolução de problema: uma estratégia didática de trabalho com os alunos da escola primária em Angola. Revista Baiana de Educação Matemática, v. 4, n. 1, p. 1–27, 2023.
QUEIROZ, D. C. F.; JUNIOR, E. A. S. O uso do Facebook para o ensino da teoria dos conjuntos. 2017.
SANTOS, J. T. M.; LAVOR, O. P.; NETO, L. D. A.; OLIVEIRA, E. A. G. Resolução de problemas como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem de matemática. 2022.
STEEN, L. A. Revolution by stealth: redefining university mathematics. In: HOLTON, D.; ARTIGUE, M.; KIRCHGRABER, U.; HILLEL, J.; NISS, M.; SCHOENFELD, A. (ed.). The teaching and learning of mathematics at university level – An ICMI study. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. p. 303–312.
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Vilar Mango Chiloya Manuel , Teresa Mbimbi Mussungo Cinco-Reis , Óscar Mavungo Cumbo (Autor)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

