Repercussions of artificial intelligence in the Supreme Federal Court: monocratic judgments and the risks of automated decision-making

Abstract

This article analyzes the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the Federal Supreme Court (STF), with a special focus on single-judge decisions and the impacts of Resolutions No. 332/2020 and No. 615/2025 of the National Council of Justice (CNJ). The research begins with the observation that such technologies, while promoting speed and procedural efficiency, also bring significant risks related to decision-making transparency, algorithmic biases, and institutional cybersecurity. In this context, the aim is to assess the extent to which technological modernization can coexist with constitutional guarantees of due process and judicial impartiality. The analysis is enriched by international experiences, such as the use of virtual judges in Estonia, China’s digital courts, and the European Union’s ethical guidelines for trustworthy AI. These examples show that the adoption of technology must necessarily be conditioned on the existence of robust governance and auditing mechanisms. In Brazil, Resolution No. 332/2020 marked an initial milestone by establishing principles such as transparency, non-discrimination, and human accountability. Later, Resolution No. 615/2025 reinforced aspects of algorithmic explainability, independent auditing, and digital security protocols, aligning with international standards such as the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. It is concluded that the incorporation of AI in the STF is inevitable but must be regulated in a way that balances innovation with the preservation of fundamental rights. Digital justice will only be legitimate if guided by transparency, security, and social oversight, ensuring that technology becomes an ally of democracy rather than a threat to its integrity.