The relationship between sovereignty and Economic dependence: Brazil's Constitutional challenges vis-à-vis international powers

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between sovereignty and economic dependence, focusing on the constitutional challenges faced by Brazil in the face of international powers, in light of the 1988 Federal Constitution (CF/1988). The general objective is to examine how economic dependence impacts the effectiveness of national sovereignty, while specific objectives include exploring the constitutional foundations of sovereignty, identifying the impacts of economic dependence on political and legal decisions, investigating the compatibility between sovereignty and global economic integration, and evaluating constitutional instruments of protection. The methodology adopted is qualitative, based on documentary analysis of the CF/1988, bibliographic review of legal and economic doctrine, and case law study of the Federal Supreme Court (STF). The results indicate that sovereignty, enshrined in Article 1, item I, of the CF/1988, is limited by dependence on commodity exports, foreign investment, and conditionalities imposed by organizations such as the IMF, which restrict decision-making autonomy in areas such as fiscal and industrial policies. Constitutional instruments, such as treaty control by the STF and the principles of Article 4, offer ways to mitigate these impacts, but globalization imposes continuous challenges. It is concluded that Brazilian sovereignty requires a dynamic approach, combining economic integration with policies of diversification and technological sovereignty. Strengthening democratic control and reviewing international agreements are essential steps to balance autonomy and globalization, preserving national interests.