Diferença de médias não é critério de identificação: limites conceituais e psicométricos das sobreexcitabilidades como marcador de superdotação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51473/rcmos.v1i1.2026.2329Keywords:
altas habilidades/superdotação; sobreexcitabilidade; Dabrowski; identificação; abertura à experiência.Abstract
Este artigo discute o uso das sobre-excitabilidades (OEs), oriundas da Teoria da Desintegração Positiva (TDP) de Kazimierz Dabrowski, como marcadores, características típicas ou critérios de identificação de altas habilidades/superdotação (AH/SD). Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, com ênfase em estudos meta-analíticos, psicométricos e conceituais sobre a relação entre sobreexcitabilidade, superdotação, personalidade e saúde mental. Argumenta-se que a literatura disponível não sustenta a conversão das OEs em critério de identificação: os efeitos encontrados são heterogêneos, concentram-se sobretudo na dimensão intelectual, variam conforme a operacionalização da superdotação e se sobrepõem parcialmente a construtos estabelecidos pela psicologia da personalidade, especialmente à abertura à experiência. Conclui-se que as OEs podem ter valor como descritores fenomenológicos, mas não devem ser tratadas como evidência suficiente de superdotação nem como fundamento psicométrico para triagem no contexto educacional.
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